For example, in one study, the mean age of onset of fabric-sucking in Siamese and Birman cats was 41.6 and 67.6 weeks, respectively.
The mean age of onset of CD is ≈2 years, 6 although breeds that are predisposed to CD may exhibit signs at a younger age. 16 Some studies have concluded that Bengal, Burmese-type, and Siamese cats may be more likely than other breeds to exhibit pica and oral behavior, 4,5 although one study did not identify breed associations for these behaviors. 6,12,15 Analysis of the genealogies of wool-sucking Siamese and Birman cats has indicated a dominant mode of inheritance, with possible incomplete penetrance. Overgrooming and self-directed behavior are more commonly observed in Siamese, Burmese, and Oriental cats, 5,9,15 and wool-sucking appears to be more prevalent in Siamese, Birman, and crossbreed house cats. Several breed predispositions have been identified for various CD behaviors, suggesting genetic factors may play a role ( Table). Repetitive licking, chewing, pawing at the mouth | Feline orofacial pain syndrome | Burmese 22 | | Chewing feet/claws | No breed predispositions have been identified. | Self-sucking, often directed at tail tip | | Self-sucking | No breed predispositions have been identified. | Ulcerative excoriations along dorsolateral neck secondary to scratching | | Feline behavioral ulcerative dermatitis | No breed predispositions have been identified. Tail-twitching patient may attack tail before running away
Medical causes of pica in cats skin#
Rippling or twitching skin (similar to panniculus reflex) Possible Concurrent Physical Examination FindingsĪlopecia of the abdomen, flanks, back, thorax, and medial thoracic limbs and/or thighs 12 Breed Predispositions, Physical Examination Findings, & Medical Differentials for Feline Compulsive Disorder 12-14 In another study, medical issues (eg, cardiovascular disease, neoplasia, allergies) were more prevalent in wool-sucking cats as compared with non-wool–sucking cats. 12 Early weaning (<7 weeks of age) has been found to increase the risk for wool-sucking and overgrooming but has not been associated with an increased risk for pica. 9 Wool-sucking has also been shown to be triggered by stressful events, including being left alone for extended durations. In a study of 11 cats with psychogenic alopecia, 9 cats experienced an environmental change or stressful event (eg, separation from owner, death of an animal companion, moving to a new home) around the time of alopecia onset. Physical and environmental stressors have been implicated in some types of feline CD. 8 Psychopharmaceuticals to modify these neurotransmitter levels have successfully been used to treat CD in some cats. 7,8 Varying neurotransmitter (eg, serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, acetylcholine) levels at different locations along this pathway can influence the category of CD behavior expressed. Altered function in cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical pathways, including the basal ganglia, has been implicated in human and animal models of CD. The pathophysiology of feline CD is likely multifactorial due to the wide variety of clinical presentations.
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